buatlah rangkuman singkat biografi Ir.soekarno dalam b.inggi

Sukarno ( June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970 )
was the first President of Indonesia. He helped
the country win its independence from the
Netherlands and was President from 1945 to
1967, presiding with mixed success over the
country’s turbulent transition to independence.
Sukarno was forced out of power by one of his
generals, Suharto, who formally became President
in March 1967
The spelling “Sukarno” has been official
in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling
Soekarno is still frequently used, mainly because
he signed his name in the old spelling. Official
Indonesian presidential decrees from the period
1947-1968, however, printed his name using the
1947 spelling.
Indonesians also remember him as Bung Karno or
Pak Karno . Like many Javanese people, he had
only one name; in religious contexts, he was
occasionally referred to as ‘Achmad Sukarno’.
Background
The son of a Javanese primary school teacher, an
aristocrat named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo
and his Balinese wife named Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai
from Buleleng regency, Sukarno was born as
Kusno Sosrodihardjo in Blitar , East Java in the
Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Following
Javanese custom, he was renamed after a
childhood illness. He was admitted into a Dutch -
run school as a child. When his father sent him
to Surabaya in 1916 to attend a secondary
school, he met Tjokroaminoto , a future
nationalist. In 1921 he began to study at the
Technische Hogeschool (Technical Institute) in
Bandung . He studied civil engineering and focused
on architecture.
Atypically, even among the colony’s
small educated elite, Sukarno was fluent in
several languages. In addition to the Javanese
language of his childhood, he was a master of
Sundanese and of Indonesian , and especially
strong in Dutch . He was also quite comfortable in
German , English, and French , all of which were
taught at his HBS. Sukarno once remarked that
when he was studying in Surabaya, he often sat
behind the screen in movie theaters reading the
Dutch subtitles in reverse because the front seats
were only for elite Dutch people.
In his studies, Sukarno was “intensely
modern,” both in architecture and in politics.
Sukarno interpreted these ideas in his dress, in his
urban planning for the capital (eventually
Jakarta ), and in his socialist politics, though he
did not extend his taste for modern art to pop
music; he had Koes Plus imprisoned for their
allegedly decadent lyrics despite his reputation for
womanising. For Sukarno, modernity was blind to
race, neat and Western in style, and anti-
imperialist.
Family
Sukarno officially married eight wives .Namely
Oetari, Inggit Garnasih, Fatmawati, Hartini, Ratna
Sari Dewi Soekarno, Haryati, Yurike Sanger, and
Kartini Manoppo . Megawati Sukarnoputri , who
served as the fifth president of Indonesia, is his
daughter by his wife Fatmawati. Her younger
brother Guruh Soekarnoputra (born 1953) has
inherited Sukarno’s artistic bent and is a gifted
choreographer and songwriter, who made a movie
Untukmu, Indonesiaku (For You, My Indonesia)
about Indonesian culture. He is also a member of
the Indonesian Parliament for Megawati’s PDI-P
party. His siblings Guntur Soekarnoputra,
Rachmawati Soekarnoputri and Sukmawati
Soekarnoputri have all been active in politics.
Sukarno had a daughter named Kartika by Dewi
Sukarno . In 2006 Kartika Sukarno married Frits
Seegers , the Netherlands-born chief executive
officer of the Barclays Global Retail and
Commercial Bank.Other offspring include Taufan
and Bayu by his wife Hartini, and a son named
Toto Suryawan Soekarnoputra (born 1967, in
Germany), by his wife Kartini Manoppo. Popular
ladies’ magazines such as Femina and Kartini
regularly run features about newly discovered
lookalike sons and daughters throughout the
archipelago, who often miraculously disappear
when pressed to take a DNA test by the official
Sukarno children .